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Haykal - Writings of the Bāb

 
           

HAYKAL:

The Arabic and Persian Writings of the Bab : Introductions, Notes, Studies and Translations.

Stephen N. Lambden

IN PROGRESS 1980s-2023.

Under revision and completion - Last modified and updated 27-02-2023.

Many of the mss. texts or documents with the Pdf download image will be uploaded and made available  during 2023 - often now inside the appropriate webpages or adjacent folders. 

Biography, Bibliographies and Miscellaneous Notes and Papers.

    SELECT BABI MSS.

    ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHIES.

  THE WRITINGS OF THE BAB

THE EVOLVING CLAIMS AND TITLES OF THE BAB.

 

    THE EARLIEST WRITINGS

    (1844-5).

    The Qur'ānic Sūrat al-Baqara

    The Qur'ānic Sūrat Yusuf (Surah of Joseph). Q. 12.
    Trans. Arthur .J. Arberry (d.1969).pdf

    THE QAYYUM AL-ASMA'

    Qayyum al-asma' I Surat al-Mulk, Opening Page

    Short Studies on the Qayyūm al-asmā'.

     

    Joseph and Jacob reunited

    Select Tafsir and related Writings of the Bab. 

    The Basmala

    On the Surat al-Nūr and the "Light Verse" (Q. 24:35)

    Q. 85:22.

    SELECT QUR'AN RELATED WRITINGS OF THE BAB

     SIX EARLY WRITINGS OF THE BAB

     

    SAHIFAH BAYN AL-HARAMAYN

    THE KITAB AL-RUH (THE BOOK OF THE SPIRIT).

    THE KHASA'IL-I SAB`AH (THE SEVEN RELIGIO-LEGAL DIRECTIVES)

    THE RISALAH DHAHABIYYAS.

    THE `ULUM AL-GHAYB ("ESOTERIC SCIENCES") : ALCHEMY, TALISMANRY AND JAFR ...

    Complex talismanic configuration of the Bab.

    SOME EARLY KHUTBAS,

     LITERARY ORATIONS, DISCOURSES OF THE BAB.

    • The al-Khuṭba al-Ṭutunjiyya of Imam `Ali and the Commentary of Sayyid Kazim Rashti.
    • Sharḥ al-Khuṭba al-Ṭutunjiyya of the Bab - Introduction.
    • Sharḥ al-Khuṭba al-Ṭutunjiyya of the Bab - Translation.
    • Revealed in Bushire՝ : Mss. = (1) Tehran, INBA 4011C, pp. 341-48 Tehran, INBA 5006C, pp. 359-63.
    • Khuṭba revealed in Banakān' No surviving manuscript is known. 'Khuṭba revealed in Kanakān' : Mss. = (1.) Tehran, IΝΒΑ 4011C, pp. 351-58 (2). Tehran, INBA 5006C, pp. 355-59. 
    • Khuṭba on the `Īd al-Fiṭr (= 1st Shawwal 1260 at end of Ramadan = 1st October 1844?).
    • Khuṭba fi'l-Masqat ("Sermon at Muscat"). Khuṭba written in Masqat [Musqat]. 
    • Khuṭba on the sufferings of the Imam Husayn' (= Khuṭba fi'I safına). Lambden Translation
    • Three khuṭbas revealed on the way to Mecca.
    • Khuṭba for Mullā Ḥusayn revealed on board ship'  = 'A khuṭba revealed in Jidda at the time of the embarkation on the ship').

    THE LITERARY ORATION- "SERMON" AT JEDDAH 

    Khuṭba Jidda, Khuṭba nigh Jeddah

    THE LITERARY DISCOURSE ON THE `ILM AL-HURUF. THE GNOSIS OF THE LETTERS

    • Khuṭba on  the `ilm al-ḥuruf ("The gnosis of the Letters"). Introduction.

    • Kh- Huruf = Khuṭba on `ilm al-ḥurūf : Kh-Kh- `ilm al-huruf-W1.pdf

    • Text and Lambden Beta trans. Beta Web I 2007 version.  Pdf. Khutba `ilm al-huruf.pdf 

    • Kutba on the `ilm al-huruf ("The science of the letters") - revised 09-2014.

    • An Abstract  for an Unpublished Paper : `The `Ilm al-Ḥurūf (Science of the Letters) among the `ulūm al-ghayb ("Esoteric Sciences") in the writings of the Bāb with special reference to the Qayyūm al-asmā' and the Khuṭba `Ilm al-Ḥurūf  (Sermon on the Science of the Letters).

    FURTHER  EARLY KHUTBAS (LITERARY ORATIONS) OF THE BAB.

     

    SOME EARLY LETTERS OF THE BAB

    • (i) Five addressed  to Mullā Ḥusayn Bushrū'ī, the first of the `Letters of the Living' (d. Tabarsī 1849 CE).
    • (ii) Three addressed to Mīrzā Sayyid Ḥasan, the great Afnan and brother-in-law of the Bab (d. xxxx/xxxx CE).
    • (iii) The Kitāb al-`Ulamā' ("Book of the Ulamā') primarily addressed to the divines (`ulama') of Qajar Persia and elsewhere'. 
    • Extract translated by Nicholas, 1934 (=  Quelques Documents Relatifs au Babism), 114-118.. (from a mss. in the Bibliotheque Nationale).
    • (iv) To Mullā Ḥasan Gawhar (d. 1266/1849 CE), a leading Shaykhī  and early opponent  of the Bāb.
    • (v) To the Ottoman Sulṭān `Abd al-Majīd (d. 1861 CE). Text and Inrroduction. (1a) Partial French translation Nicholas (1934) Quelques Documents Relatifs au Babism.  (2) Translation Stephen Lambden : 

    SELECT LETTERS TO THE FAMILY OF THE BAB

    Letters to the Maternal uncle of the Bab, Ḥājī Mīrzā Sayyid `Alī (d. 1852 CE)

    • Six Letters/Tablets addressed  to the maternal uncle of the Bab, Ḥājī Mīrzā Sayyid `Alī (d. 1852 CE), his guardian known as the Khāl-i A`ẓam ("the Greatest Uncle"). One of the seven martyrs of Tehran. (1) Add (6) Letter sent with Quddus to Shiraz for Hājj Mirza Sayyid `Alī. (6a) French trans. in  Nicolas, Séyyèd Ali Mohammed, (1905), pp. 214-18. (vii) 2 to Ḥājī Mullā Muhammad.

    • Two for  Khadījah Bagum (d. 1882 CE), the wife of the Bab and cousin of the mother of the Bab. (1) The `First Letter to Khadījah Bagum, the wife of the Bab'. See Balyuzi, The Bab (1973); at the front is a good photograph of the autograph original text. (2) The Second Letter to Khadījah Bagum, the wife of the Bab. 

    LETTERS TO ISLAMIC AND SHI`I-SHAYKHI NOTABLES

    • Letter to Muhammad Kāẓīm Khān (d. CE). (xvii) to Shaykh Khalaf (d. XXXX CE). Letter to Shaykh Sulaymān [of Muscat?] (d. CE). (xviii) to Shaykh Sulaymān [of Muscat?] (d. CE). Partly translated in Selections, pp. 35-37.Letter to the Sharīf Sulaymān of Mecca (d. CE).
    • Letter to Sharīf Sulaymān of Mecca (d. CE) = (1) Text partly published in translated in Selections From the Writings of the Bab (1978), pp. 29-30.
    • Three Tablets to the Sunni Ḥanbalī, Maghribī, and Ḥanafī Imāms.
    • Tablet to the Kirmani Shaykhī leader Ḥājī Mirza Muhammad Karīm Khān Kīrmānī (d. 1288/1871).
    • Letter to Sayyid Ibrahīm [Mahāllatī?] (d. CE). 
    • Letter to Sayyid `Alī Kirmānī (d. CE). Letter to Sulaymān Khān (d. CE).
    •  Letter to Hajji Mirza Muhammad Kārīm Khān Kirmani (d. 1871CE).
    • Tablet to the Sunni exegete and scholar Abū al‑Thanā’, Shihāb al‑Dīn al‑Ālūsī (d.1270 / 1854).
    • الآلوسي The Letter of the Bab to Abū al‑Thanā’, Shihāb al‑Dīn al‑Ālūsī (d.1270 /1854).

    LETTERS TO  SELECT LEADING BABIS

    THE FOUR OR FIVE LETTERS TO MUHAMMAD SHAH QAJAR (1808-1848).

    Extract from the Qayyum al-asma',  Surat al-Mulk (May 23rd, 1844).

    See further Qayyum al-asma',  Surat al-Mulk, verses 24-29.

    Devotional Writings and Ziyārat-Nama ("Visiting Tablets")

    SELECT PRAYERS IN REPLY TO QUESTIONS

    • (1) Prayer in reply to twenty questions. (2) Prayer in  reply to al-`Alawiyya. (3) Prayer in  reply to Mullā `Abd al-KhāIiq [Yazdī] (d. XXX/XXX). (4) Prayer in  reply to Karbalā'ī `Alī Aṣghar (d. XXX/XXX). (5) Prayer in  reply to Mullā `Abd al-Jalīl [Urūmī] (d. XXX/XXX) on the sijdat al-shukr  ('thanksgiving prostration'). (6) Prayer in  reply to Mīrzā Muhammad `Alī Nahrī (d. XXX/XXX). (7) Prayer in  reply to Mullā Aḥmad Khurāsānī [Mu`āllim-i Ḥisārī?](d. XXX/XXX), Di`bil, and the son of Mīrzā `Alī al-Akhbarī (d. XXX/XXX). (8) Prayer in reply to Mīrzā Hādī (d. XXX/XXX) and Mīrzā Muhammad `Alī Qazvīnī (d. XXX/XXX). (9) Prayer in  reply to Mullā Ibrahīm Mahallatī (d. XXX/XXX). (10) Prayer in  reply to the Shi`i scholar Sayyid Ja`far Shubbar  (d. XXX/XXX). 

     

    The Bab and Select Shi`i Hadith Texts

    The Earliest Period May 1844 - September 1846

    Commentaries on Islamic traditions or Hadith Literatures.

    Ḥadith are of the greatest significance in Sunni and Shi`i Islam. The word Ḥadith can indicate a textual tradition which sets down something of doctrinal or practical religious significance allegedly related to the Prophet Muhammad or to one or more of the Twelver Imams. It's text (Ar. matn) was often initially orally transmitted through a possibly lengthy and sometimes complicated and controversial chain of transmitters (Ar. isnad).

    • The Commentary of the Bab on the Hadith, "Every Day is.`Ashurā’", The “tenth” of Muḥarram, the date of the martyrdom of Imam Ḥusayn (in 61 AH or 680 CE). PDf. INBMC 67:141-3.
    • Extracts from Islamic and Early Shaykhi Commentaries upon forms of the Delphic Maxim. The Commentaries of Shaykh Ahmad upon Islamic forms of the Delphic maxim. The Commentary of the Bab upon an Islamic form of the Delphic maxim.
    • Tafsīr Ḥadith `Man `arafa nafsa-hu fa-qad `arafa rabba-hu' ("Whoso knoweth his self assuredly knoweth his Lord"). 

    Kitāb al-Fihrist ("The Book of the Index").

    THE SHARH DU`A AL-ZAMAN AL-GHAYBA OR SAHIFA JA`FARIYYA

    THE TABLETS TO THE EIGHTEEN LETTERS OF THE LIVING+

    The Letters of the Bab to the Ḥurūf  al-Ḥayy (`Letters of the Living')

       حروف الحي

    The Beta translations - Stephen Lambden. UC Merced. 2021.

    The Ḥurūf  al-Ḥayy, `Letters of the Living' and their numerical order are generally  listed below as they are associated and listed in the Muhammad Nabil-i Zarandī (d.1892 CE)  volume as redacted by in English by Shoghi Effendi as The Dawn-Breakers (1st ed. 1932). Other sources occasionally offer alternative, names, identifications or  order of `Letters of the Living'. In their original Arabic the eighteen or nineteen texts are addressed to individual  haykal (pl. hayakil), or (loosely) pentadic embodiments or Temples. The recepients of these eighteen or nineteen texts are for the most part not named though in No.18 Quddus is explicitly mentioned.

    Facsimile colour photographs of these letters or alwāḥ (scriptural Tablets) of  the Bāb in his own handwriting and sealed with his seal with the inscription,(=عَبْدُه الذِكْر `Abdu-hu al-Dhikr', `His Servant, the Remembrance') are printed in Shoghi Effendi's  re-creation ("translation"  of Pt.I) of the Tarikh-i Zarandi , entitled by the Baha'i Guardian as The Dawn-Breakers (1st ed. 1932). The `Tablet to the First Letter of the Living' is translated in `Selections From he Writings of the Bab (Haifa: BWC., 1976 [82]), pp. 9-10 and that to man yuẓhiru-hu Allāh (`Him whom God shall make manifest') understood by Baha'is to refer to Baha'-Allah on pp. 3-5 (+6-8 another Tablet; see below). These twenty or so Tablets appear to date from the first-second or earliest years (1260-1262 = mid. 1844-1846) of the Bab's six year prophetic mission (mid. 1844-mid.1850 CE), though perhaps not to the time when he first dispatched the 'Letters of the Living' on their mission of proclamation in summer 1260/mid.1844. It is hoped to fully translate these texts once their original Arabic has been tentatively established. A few divergent readings are likely to persist. In this latter respect I have been grateful for the generous, insightful help of the late Dr. Muhammad Afnan (d. Canada, 2017).

    MUHAMMAD `ALI BARFURUSHI, QUDDUS AND HIS WRITINGS.

    MAN YUZHIRU-HU ALLAH - THE EVER RETURNING BABI MESSIAH FIGURE.

    Select Writings of the Bab dating to the Isfahan Period

    (September 1846-> March 1847 CE)

    THE LAST YEARS IN PERSIAN ĀDHIRBĀYJĀN : AT MĀKŪ AND CHIHRĪQ
    (March 1263/1847-> 1266/ July 9th 1850 CE)

    DALA'IL-I SAB`AH - PERSIAN AN D ARABIC

    THE PERSIAN AND ARABIC BAYANS

    THE ARABIC BAYAN

    SELECT LATER LETTERS AND WRITINGS OF THE BAB.

    LIST UNDER REVISION

    • [01] Reply to one of the believers (pp.1-3). [02] Unspecified  (pp.3-9). [03] Reply to a question of Sayyid Yaḥyā Darābī al-Wāḥid al-Awwal (`The First Wāḥid')  (pp.9-26). [04] In commentary on a statement of Sayyid Kāẓim Rashtī (d.1259/1843)(pp.26-35). [05] To Sayyid Yaḥyā Darābī al-Wāḥid al-Awwal (`The First Wāḥid') (pp.35-44).

    • [06] تفسير الواو فی كلمة والصافات = Commentary upon the letter wāw (و) in the opening phrase of the first verse of the Sūrat al-Ṣāffāt, wa'l-Ṣāffāt, "By those arrayed in rows!" ("Qur'ān, 37:1a) (p. 44-60). In this work the Bab mentions al-jabal al-shadīd ("the Severe Mountain") which is one of the ways he referred to Mākū, the place of his imprisonment in Persian Ādhirbāyjān in 1848-9.  [07] Continuation and conclusion of No [6] above (pp. 60-63).

    • [08] Explanation of the [eschatological-chronological implications]  دائرة الايقغ , Dā'irat al-A+Y+Q-Gh (= abjad 1-10-100-1000), the Talismanic Circle of the Numerical series  1-10-100-1000") (pp. 63-65). 

    • [09]  Answer to Shaykh Nāṣir al-Dīn Karbalā'ī, written in 1264/1848 (pp. 65-77).

    • [10] On the  بسيط الحقيقة  Basīṭ al-Ḥaqīqa ("The Unicity-Simplicity of Reality [is all things]" of Mulla Sadra al-Din Shirazi (d. Basra, c. 1050 /1640-1), (pp. 77-88).

    • [11] Answer to the Mu`tamad al-Dawla, Manūchihr Khān Gurjī (d. 1264/1847) one time Governor of Isfahan (pp. 88-93). 

    • [12] Answer to the Governor of Shūshtar (pp. 93-100). [13] Answer to a student on the queries in the Qur'ān (pp.100-104). [14] On the Mi'rāj (Night Journey) [cf. Qur'an 17:1f] in the Land of Ṣād (Isfahān) (pp. 104-106).

    • [15] Explanation of a tradition of the Imam Riḍā' (pp. 106-108). [16] Answer to Ḥājjī Muhammad, written from Mākū (pp. 108-111). [17] Answer to an enquirer in Isfahān (pp. 111-115). [18] Answer to Sayyid Asadu'llāh of Qazwīn (pp. 115-116), dated Jumādā 1, 1263/ April-May, 1847, from "the Prison in the Mountain " (p.116-120). [19] Answer to Mullā Rajab 'Alī [Janāb-i-Qahīr] (pp. 120-127). [20] Answer to Sayyid Ahmad Āqā-Zāda (p. 126-7). [21] Answer to Mīrzā Muhammad 'Alī (p. 127-131). [22] Answer to Mīrzā 'Abdu'l-Wahhāb Munshī (p. 131-133). [23] Answer to the father of Sayyid Ḥusayn, written from Mākū (p. 133-135).

    • [24] To Jināb-i-Ṭāhira (Qurrat al-'Ayn) [d. 1852 CE], from Mākū (p. 135-138). [25] Answer to Mullā Aḥmad Ibdāl [Maraghā'ī] (12th `Letter of the Living', d. Tabarsi, 1848-9), from Mākū (p. 138-143). [26] To Sayyid Abu'l Ḥasan ibn Sayyid `Alī Zunūzī, Commentary on the Du`ā al-Ṣabāḥ (Morning Prayer) of Imam `Ali ibn Abi Talib (d. 40/661) dating from the Mākū period since the Bāb refres to being fi wast al-jibal ( "in the centre of the mountain", p.145), (p. 143-155).

    • [27] Commentary on the āyāt al-nūr ("Verse of Light "- Qur'ān 24:35) (p. 155-171). [28] Answer to Asad (pp. 171-189). [29] To Mīrzā Najaf-Qulī (pp. 189-192). [30] To two persons from "the Land of Paradise" (pp. 192-196). [31] To Mullā Ahmad (pp. 196-223). [32] Letter to the `Ulamā' (pp. 224-232). (List based on the Browne-Nicholson, Catalogue p.62),

    • A Tablet of the Bab to the Peoples of the World' (c. 1848). PDf. Bab-People of the world.pdf

    KITAB AL-ASMA' - THE BOOK OF NAMES

    THE KITAB-I PANJ SHA'N (BOOK OF THE FIVE CATEGORIES).

    THE KITAB-I HAYKAL AL-DIN (BOOK OF THE TEMPLE OF THE RELIGION).

    Mirza Yahya Nuri and his Will and Testament.

     

    SOME PAPERS ON THE THEOLOGY AND THEOPHANOLOGY OF THE BAB

    • Some notes on the Arabic term Mashiyya and associated Cosmogonical-theological hypostases in Shī`ī-Shaykhī and Bābī-Bahā'ī literarures.

     SELECT ZIYARAT-NAMAH (VISITATION TEXTS) OF THE BAB AND BAHA'-ALLAH.

     

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